cytochrome c amino acid sequence differences between humans and other organisms
The sequence of amino acids in this protein is known for many organisms, from bacteria and yeasts to insects and humans; in animals cytochrome c consists of 104 amino acids. (Left) Amount of change in the evolutionary history of three hypothetical living species (C, D, and E), inferred by comparing amino-acid differences in their myoglobin molecules. 450 0 obj
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What other species identified on the chart has a coding sequence that is most closely related to the humans and chimpanzees and most distantly (Right) Phylogeny of the human, the rhesus monkey, and the horse, based on amino-acid substitutions in the evolution of cytochrome c in the lineages of the three species. 2. Write that information below: Hypotheses: 1. Relate amino acid sequences of cytochrome C from various species to genome evolution and protein function. Share your data with the rest of the class and complete Make a branching tree, or cladogram with results TABLE Differences between amino acid sequences in Cytochrome C … These mutations are called neutral mutations. Based on the amino acid sequence data for the Cytochrome-C protein, chimpanzees and humans share an identical coding sequence. Who Proposed the earth was older than 6,000 years and that species were changing?Who caused problems because he put humans into the order of primates?Who wrote the "Essay on Principles of Populations" which stated that food and disease limits the size of the human population?Who stated that individuals pass acquired characteristics on to their offspring?Who proposed evolution by natural selection based on his work in the Malay Archipelago?Who is the geologist that proposed the layers on the bottom of a geological strata are the oldest and as you move upward in the layer the rocks get younger and that fossils represent extinct organisms?What is the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?A Hypothesis is a testable statement that explains a phenomenon or a set of observations.A change over time in the genetic composition (frequency of alleles) of a population_______is a change in the population do to a chance eventOrganisms best fit for the environment, survive and therefore they get to __________Horse legs and beetle legs serve the same function but have different origins; therefore these structures are ________ structuresIf one extreme characteristic is favored over the other extreme then the entire population shifts towardA _____________________________ structure is one that is reduced in size or is nonfunctional, but isAlmost all animal speciation occurs by ______________________ speciationWhat are the five assumptions of Hardy Weinberg that must be met to prevent a change in allele frequency? Virtually any topic for the virtual learner. If there are no differences between the amino acid sequences in the cytochrome c protein of humans and chimpanzees, why aren't we the same species? By looking at these mutations scientists can predict when the organisms diverged from a common ancestor and from each other. %%EOF
table below shows the number of differences in the sequences between each pair of species. Organisms that are more closely related will share more common amino acid sequences in the cytochrome C protein. %PDF-1.5
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…are crucial in metalloenzymes—for example, cytochrome C, in which the sulfur of methionine is coordinated to the iron in heme; the iron-sulfur proteins, in which cysteine sulfur is bound to iron; and molybdenum-containing enzymes, some of which involve dithiolate (two-sulfur) cofactors. 3. (keep a record of the number of differences on a piece of scratch paper). This is an example of_________________ isolationIf two groups of plants that are similar but flower at different times of the year, is an example of___________ isolationWhat was the probable cause of the Permian Mass Extinction?What was the probable cause of the K/T boundary Mass Extinction?Photosynthetic bacteria gave rise to what eukaryotic organelle?_________The oldest fossil of modern Homo sapiens is ________________________ years old_____________________competition is the competition between two male of the same speciesInbreeding results in an increase in ______________________ in the populationWhich of the following reduce the genetic variability of a population?________________ populations are more likely to experience a genetic bottle necking Compare the human amino acid sequence with each of these five animals by counting the number of times an amino acid in that animal’s cytochrome c is different from the amino acid in that same position of the human sequence. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the This layer was anThe number of amino acid differences between human cytochrome c and cytochrome c of some other organisms is as follows: Chimpanzee -0 differences; Rhesus monkey - 1 difference; Pigeon - 12 differences; Fruit fly - 24 differences; Yeast - 42 differences. 2. 466 0 obj
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2. Members of a species have the potential to interbreed in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring but cannot interbreed successfully with members of other speciesIf one group of organisms lives on one side of a river and another group lives on the other and neither group swims.