george kennan long telegram pdf

and so important to analysis of our international environment that I cannot compress answers into single brief message without

The Atomic Age; Scientists in National and World Affairs. Pan-Slav movement and other movements (Azerbaijan, Armenian, Turcoman, etc.) If large scale long term credits should be forthcoming, I believe Soviet Government may eventually again do lip service, as it did in 1930's to desirability of building up international economic exchanges in general. (f) In general, all Soviet efforts on unofficial international plane will be negative and destructive in character, designed to tear down sources of strength beyond reach of Soviet control. Articles from the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 1945–1962.

It does not take unnecessary risks. . If not provoked by forces of intolerance and subversion "capitalist" world of today is quite capable of living at peace with itself and with Russia. Kennan claimed that the Soviet government Thus, persons who are financially independent--such as individual businessmen, estate owners, successful farmers, artisans and all those who exercise local leadership or have local prestige, such as popular local clergymen or political figures, are anathema. And unless we do, Russians certainly will. Not only propaganda machines but actual policies of these regimes can be placed extensively at disposal of USSR It may be expected that component parts of this far-flung apparatus will be utilized in accordance with their individual suitability, as follows: (a) To undermine general political and strategic potential of major western powers. For the moment, these efforts are restricted to certain neighboring points conceived of here as being of immediate strategic necessity, such as Northern Iran, Turkey . It assigns half of Europe by implication to the Russians...The future of Berlin is vital to the future of Germany as a whole: the needs of its people and the extreme insecurity of the Western position there alone would constitute reasons why no one in the West should view the present division of Germany as a satisfactory permanent solution even if no other factors are involved".

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It does less than justice to the strength and abilities of the European themselves. The American People. . See breaking news & more every time you open your browser.While Kennan had explained that containment could take many forms, by 1950 containment had been militarized by NSC 68 (Document 6). .So much for premises. .

(a) Internal policy devoted to increasing in every way strength and prestige of Soviet state: intensive military-industrialization; maximum development of armed forces; great displays to impress outsiders; continued secretiveness about internal matters, designed to conceal weaknesses and to keep opponents in dark. For this reason they have always feared foreign penetration, feared direct contact between Western world and their own, feared what would happen if Russians learned truth about world without or if foreigners learned truth about world within. In what ways does Lyndon Johnson use containment as a justification for U.S. action in South Vietnam in Documents 29 and 31? (c) Where individual governments stand in path of Soviet purposes pressure will be brought for their removal from office. 861.00/2 - 2246: Telegram. Does Kennan believe the United States should go to war against the Soviet Union?B. President Relations between Yugoslavia and the United States quickly began to worsen.

Kennan argued that Stalin would not (and moreover could not) moderate the supposed Soviet determination to overthrow Western governments. At bottom of Kremlin’sWe have now seen nature and background of Soviet program. Labor, youth and women's organizations are prominent among them. . 2. Originally, this was insecurity of a peaceful agricultural people trying to live on vast exposed plain in neighborhood of fierce nomadic peoples. Telegram, George Kennan to James Byrnes ["Long Telegram"], February 22, 1946 Page 1.

(c) Where individual governments stand in path of Soviet purposes pressure will be brought for their removal from office. What may we expect by way of its practical implementation? This applies to such widely separated points as Germany, Argentina, Middle Eastern countries, etc. This can happen where governments directly oppose Soviet foreign policy aims (Turkey, Iran), where they seal their territories off against Communist penetration (Switzerland, Portugal), or where they compete too strongly . There is good reason to suspect that this Government is actually a conspiracy within a conspiracy; and I for one am reluctant to believe that Stalin himself receives anything like an objective picture of outside world. These include: labor unions, youth leagues, women's organizations, racial societies, religious societies, social organizations, cultural groups, liberal magazines, publishing houses, etc. Conversely, no opportunity most be missed to reduce strength and influence, collectively as well as individually, of capitalist powers.

George Kennan, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" (1947) The single document that best illustrated American anti-communism and general suspicion of Soviet aspirations, was George Kennan's famous Long Telegram of 1946. To this was added, as Russia came into contact with economically advanced West, fear of more competent, more powerful, more highly organized societies in that area. As a scholar and writer, Kennan was a two-time recipient of both the Historian Wilson D. Miscamble argues that Kennan played a critical role in developing the foreign policies of the Truman administration. It should therefore be relatively easy to combat it by any intelligent and really constructive program. Party line only represents thesis which official propaganda machine puts forward with great skill and persistence to a public often remarkably resistant in the stronghold of its innermost thoughts. In September 1961, Tito held a conference of nonaligned nations, where he delivered speeches that the U.S. government interpreted as being pro-Soviet.